Information Security

Information Security An organization is a particular entity of people having a collective goal/purpose to be achieved over a targeted period of time. There are certain types of organizations that take various forms such as partnership business, individual, business or one which includes a hybrid organization. In that respect, a hybrid organization is one that operates both in public and private sectors at the same time. It incorporates voluntary associations, non-governmental organizations, among other types (Pieterse, Caniels, Homan, p. 818). What is common among all these types of organizations is they need to safeguard every piece of detail away from any unauthorized personnel. This practice of securing data, regardless of their form that may either be physical or electronic from individuals who are ineligible for its access is what is popularly termed as Information Security. In short form, it can be simply referred to as InfoSec. To that extent, InfoSec proves critical in the development confidence that will ensure that the management of functions of the business assures the stakeholders of the integrity of the data and processes that the firm carries out or operates. This paper will focus on matters information security based on a fictional company. Working as a consultant in a certain non-governmental organization based in the state of Illinois, there appears to be a need of safeguarding the intellectual property and data in this organization. Sandburg Youth Sports Association (SYSA) is the name of the organization where I work as the Information and Communication Technology consultant. My role consists of functions pertaining to ascertaining that the operations of the technological systems are smooth and functional. Moreover, I am meant to facilitate improvements as well as enhancement of process functions to ascertain the success of the operation of business functions. The company SYSA was founded in the year 1996 by one Mr. Timmy Christopher. I chose this specific entity because as a sportsman and having a deep interest in technology; it quenches my passion. At the same time, SYSA gives me the opportunity to give back to the community in terms of the skills I acquire through what I learn there. Description of the Organization Sandburg Youth Sports Association (SYSA) is one of the few non-governmental sports organizations in the United States whose central aim is to use sports and technology to broaden the socioeconomic gap in the community while also effecting enhanced use of technology as a weapon of change in the society. This organization serves mostly the youth in the state of Illinois but is not limited to this state alone, but is also open to the rest of the members of the surrounding publics and the United States as a whole. To that extent, SYSA is an organization that is dedicated to the development of the community through the championing of sports activities. In that esteem, the SYSA is an organization that empowers members of the community towards the achievement of their goals and aspirations. It is a sure way of ensuring that the community members are mobilized effectively to enhance their effective management of sports talents. For that reason, I am proud to be associated with SYSA especiall y based on the fact that I am tasked with the responsibility of handling its technical functions. The organization comprises mostly of volunteers who offer their time and services in return for knowledge and skills that they acquire from experts based on the firm. However, some sections of the organization comprise of fully employed personnel who play the most significant part in running the organization. In total, there is an estimate of about 20 highly qualified employees and another 30 volunteers, including myself, who are dedicated to ensuring that the operations of the business are successful. Together, the various individuals work alongside each other to facilitate the success of the initiatives put forward by the firm’s objectives. The company ensures that staff members work cohesively to meet the objectives of the organization effectively. In my capacity, I ensure that the technical systems are well maintained to ensure that the functionality is effective and that all technical processes are operational. Structure of the Organization SYSA is run by highly self-motivated individuals and operates on a Matrix management method whereby each department consists of two or three bosses who are well-trained experts and are assisted by other volunteers whose work is to ensure that everything runs in order as per the objectives of the organization (Galvin, p. 5). The SYSA headquarters located in Illinois is supported by ten other zones in the same state. Inside the gated headquarters, there are offices which facilitate the running of the organization at large. Other structures include a payable gym service which is open not only to the staff, but also to members of the community and a fully stocked and functional library. The main task handled by the Executive Director of this organization is to oversee all the day to day programs and offer directives whenever called upon to. Second to the Executive Director is the Human Resource Manager whose responsibility is to maintain and enhance human resource programs, policies, and practices. The other departments i.e. the Library and the Gym are manned by two overall managers who have volunteers under them to assist in their work. Regulatory requirements. In its aim of providing opportunities to the youth through sports and technology, SYSA is fully aware of the regulatory compliances they are supposed to adopt in its structure. The services and daily activities carried out within the SYSA headquarters are ISO certified and meet the International Standards. In the United States of America, any reported case of breaking the laws and regulations of the organization attracts a criminal or civil penalty. Risks. As stated above, the SYSA organization deals with various data mostly in the gym, the library and the other 10 zones involved. This data may be financed in terms of money payable in the gym or library fines, statistical data in the library or even the zonal information from the SYSA organization came into existence. With all this in mind, there is the need to protect and safeguard the physical and electronic information fed in the organization. Some of the potential risks facing the organization’s information may come through manipulation of the zone data in ones’ own selfish interest. One may also try to hack into the gym department’s system and edit their financial statements in their favor or even clear the debts illegally. Hence, there is a need to put measures in place to avoid and prevent any potential loss to the organization. Threats to Information Security may appear in many forms. The most common threat of all is cybercrime and software attacks. Sabotage and information extortion are also similar avenues of Information Insecurity. A few examples of software malfunctions are observed when the system is attacked by viruses, Trojan horses and phishing attacks, among others. With technology advancing in every dimension every passing day, it is common to hear of organizations’ systems being hacked and money laundering happening now and then. This requires every organization to step up to the task in order to combat these petty crimes which cause organizations millions of shillings. These threats, however, need to be mitigated by setting up countermeasures and safeguards so as to eliminate and block threats. Policies on the Deliverables In normal practice, every organization is mandated with the task of providing reasonable policies which will go a long way in ensuring that rules and regulations are followed to the letter, and any discrepancies in the stated laws are punishable. As the consultant of SYSA, I saw it appropriate to come up with a number of policies, according to law, whose aim is to ensure that the objectives of the organization are protected, and any case of unexpected incidences are tackled. The other influence of policy making is the ideology of the company where the values and beliefs of the organization are held in high esteem. It is hoped that any action contrary to the following stated policies is punishable according to law. Website Private Policy. This is a simple document that discloses how the visitor’s information will be used in the SYSA website. Members will access the gym services will be required to open a portal which they will use in registering their membership. All payments will be made through this site, and members will be made to know that the SYSA systems are fully encrypted. This is aimed to instill confidence in our website visitors and let them know that any information provided either in the gym or library services is secured and that the organization will be responsible for any eventualities. Privacy Policy. This is a legal statement/document which fulfills the legal duty that an organization is supposed to protect a client’s privacy. As the consultant employed by SYSA, I will make it clear to the visitors what the organization intends to do with the information they feed into our system. I would come up with a Protected Personal Data (PDD) which will include electronic data or any hard copy information of members. In this Privacy Policy, I would let the customers know that they should report any suspicious incidents about their confidential data to the relevant authority. When it comes to their financial information, I will install the Kali Linux software which guarantees security for information so that customers will not have to worry about their finances. Breach Notification Policy. In the case of any breach of zonal information, clients’ financial information or interferences with records in the library, SYSA will investigate and notify the individuals affected by any information security breaches. The system of the organization will be updated to the extent that any tampering of the system can be detected and an amicable solution generated before any major damage happens. The Executive Director must be notified with immediate effect any news of breaching through the appropriate channels so that action can be taken. This Breach Notification Policy is aimed to ensure that stored Protected Personal Data (PDD) is not lost, stolen or in any way compromised. In the unseen event that the PDD is interfered with, the policy would recommend immediate disclosure until the issue is resolved. Moreover, major incidents of breaching such as that of Personal Identity Information (PII) are treated exclusively and may attract heavier penalties . The state government will also be notified of this breach, especially when the financial information of the members is in question. Since prevention is better than cure, I would install a Compliance Software on all the systems in the organization. When this software is implemented, it will help the organization manage its compliance data in a more simplified and efficient way (Johnson, p. 311). Incident Response Policy. In the incident that the security of SYSA has been compromised/ breached, the following Incident Response Policy will be put into effect. After reporting the breaching incident to the state government, an abrupt investigation will be carried out on the potential customers affected. The main aim is to manage the situation in a way that ensures the damage is limited at the same time minimizing the recovery time and any costs whatsoever. Computers affected and infected with unwanted malware should be scanned, and the issue put on notice to all the customers. Any security incident will be handled with immense care based on the severity of the damage. Disaster Recovery Policy. There may be lapses in the security systems of SYSA. In the case of the system infrastructure failure, an initial risk assessment will be performed to evaluate any possible vulnerabilities. The company personnel are put in charge of the ICT department will set up facilities to ensure backup storage of data. I would also open cloud storage of data on the internet so that in the event of system failure, there is always a backup mechanism available. The organization will be entirely responsible for any losses of financial and other belongings of customers and will work hand in hand with the Insurance Companies to compensate the affected victims. Outsourcing will also be considered as a viable option in the management of these threats that affect the software on the organization’s system. The organization will do everything possible so that the recovery time is minimized so that the operations of the firm return to normality as soon as possible. This poli cy which has a repeated lifecycle is aimed to provide a systematic plan to manage, implement, maintain and recover any lost resources and data. Information Security Policy. In a bid to come up with an InfoSec policy, I would create one which protects confidential information about the clients’ details to avoid any possible harm. The organization is in no sole position to secure all information belonging to clients; therefore, SYSA will work in togetherness with the customers and ensure they are familiar with current relevant policies and state regulations. SYSA will make sure to provide a very secure database system and a comfortable work environment for the employed staff, volunteers, and all the other authorized personnel. For SYSA to deliver quality services to their customers, it will make sure all users understand what is required of them in the bid of protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information they provide to the organization. SYSA will also respond to feedback as soon as possible and always improve on the possible areas of system lapses. Risk assessment is a crucial part of Information Security policy as it seeks to research on the vulnerable parts of an organization where information may be handled inappropriately. The process of risk management includes identification and estimation of the value of assets in the organization. Evaluate the potential impact that each thread will have to the assets and data of the organization. Finally, accept the risk and put up control measures to control and mitigate the risks. Terms of Use of Agreement or otherwise stated rules that one must abide by so as to use services used by an organization, in this case, SYSA. I would advise every member of the community to read this document carefully before putting pen to paper. This piece of information acts as a disclaimer such that one knows the rules and conditions to be followed through (Simitian, p. 1018). In the SYSA system, I would put an age limit of 18years since they are considered adults and would be entirely responsible for any actions. Every member should be responsible for their login details. If one does not accept the terms and conditions stated on the website of SYSA, they will not be eligible to receive the services offered by the organization. These Terms of use will be further deployed by use of the clickwrap agreement so that the user will first agree to the terms and conditions of the Sandburg Youth Sports Association before accessing the services. This acts as a manifestation of the agreeme nt. All that Information Security seeks to achieve is to preserve confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the customers’ information at the same time preventing unauthorized access to information entrusted to the organization by the client.

Should Physician Assisted Suicide be Legalized - 1343 Words

Physician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized? Should people have the right to kill themselves if they’re on the verge of dying? People are allowed to kill themselves in everyday life, so why can’t a person who knows that there is no way he will be able recover from his illness choose to end his life on his own terms? Many people don’t support and agree with assisted suicide. Even though many people don’t believe in physician assisted suicide, there are people suffering when they shouldn’t have too. A person who is terminally ill should have the right to choose to die if they choose. Being suicidal is just as much as a sickness as the flu. Both might need medicine to help get better as well as seeking professional help to take care of†¦show more content†¦The government has many different positions about how they feel about assisted suicide. Many people are in favor of this measure, however many people disagree. The government has many la ws in the world, but does not have the right to choose to make a life changing decision for someone. Lord Falconer of former Lord Chancellor, introduced a assisted dying bill. Government shouldn’t have any say if someone wants to take their own life. Norman Lamb said to the government that â€Å"We should not stand in the way of people who wish to end their life providing that regulation are put in place.† For instance a man named Tony Nicklinson was suffering from ‘locked-in’ syndrome which followed a stroke. Tony was told in 2012 by a judge that he couldn’t end his life with the help of a doctor. After the trial Nicklinson passed away six days later after refusing to eat food, said he had been condemned by the law to a life of increasing indignity and misery. No one should have sit there and suffer through pain each and every day, people should get to choose what they want to do with their own well being. Dr. Kevorkian is a very well known man wh o helped over a dozen of people with assisted suicide. He challenged social taboos about disease and dying while defying prosecutors as well as the courts. Dr. kevorkian has spent eight years in prison for second degree murderShow MoreRelatedPhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthat physician assisted suicide should be legalized in the case of a chronic illness, where the patient must take a large amount of drugs to heal themselves and or to subdue pain, and where the patient is living a life that is less fulfilling, or diluted, from their life before. Physician assisted suicide can be to patients who are suffering and wish to end their life, with the help of a physician so the patient could feel more comfortable or safer. As mentioned in class, physician assisted suicideRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legalized905 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is when a terminally ill patient requested a physician to facilitat e the patient death by providing the necessary lethal dose of a drug which enables the patient to perform the life-ending act. Provided that, Physician assisted suicide has been part of the debate about improving end-of-life care for terminally ill patients for decades. As a result, physician assisted suicide may be viewed morally wrong by some people, but morally permissible by another. Even though, physicianRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?1426 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is also known as assisted suicide. It is a very controversial procedure. It is not favored by many. However, in present day society is little bit inclined towards assisted suicide. There is ongoing debate on the legalization of assisted suicide. The main reason to oppose of assisted suicide is the fear of mistreatment of the patient, abuse of power and so on. In contrary, many see assisted suicide as a way to decrease pain in the end of life. Read MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized1181 Words   |  5 Pagesenduring the pain because it would be illegal to kill you. A survey taken in the United States has shown that 54% agree to physician assisted suicide or euthanasia. Euthanasia preserves rights of an individual, brings an end to the pain, and provides death with dignity. Even though others may disagree and say that its religiously incorrect, physician assisted suicide should be legalized. In the United States, we have certain human rights and that includes the right to choose to end our lives. UnderRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized943 Words   |  4 Pagesto commit suicide, but his mom resuscitated him both times. Therefore, Danny decided to starve himself to end his suffering once and for all (Grimminck). People such as Danny, cancer, and ALS patients, who are battling terminal illnesses, deserve the right to choose when enough is enough. Physician assisted suicide should be legalized because it’s the compassionate thing to do, people deserve autonomy and because it is a better alternative. People may argue that physician assisted suicide is wrongRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legalized2000 Words   |  8 PagesIs it appropriate for an individual to end their life through physician-assisted suicide in developed countries, specifically in the United States? Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) is the voluntary termination of one’s own life by the administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician. The assistance of a physician for a terminally ill patient to commit their own suicide, has been a much debated topic in developed countries. It is a much bigger topic in developedRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legalized1194 Words   |  5 Pagessubject of legalizing physician-assisted suicide is hotly debated these days. There have been many high profile cases including Dr. Jack Kevorkian in the 90’s to the young Oregonian Brittany Maynard who ended her life just this year. Physician-assisted suicide is currently legal in Oregon, Washington, and Montana. However, even where legal, it is unethical for medical professionals to engage in assisting patients to end their lives. There are many good alternatives to physician-assisted death availableRead MorePhysician Assisted Sui cide Should Not Be Legalized2412 Words   |  10 Pagesmonths. Physician-assisted suicide should not be legalized because not only is it unethical overall, but it leads to a slippery slope regarding normalized euthanasia, and power wrongfully resting in the hands of someone else to decide another person’s time of death. It is understandable that one person can go through sufficient amounts of serious pain that they would consider death. There are not a great amount of options one can take, but one in particular is physician-assisted suicide. AccordingRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legalized1763 Words   |  8 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is legal but it is always subject to change. How does this make you feel? Do you agree with this choice or not? There are only 4 states in the U.S. that makes this legal. Oregon, Montana, Washington, and Vermont are the only states that have made this legal in the U.S. People are actually putting their lives into someone else’s hand who mind you gets paid for what they are doing. They are letting someone who is getting paid to do what they are doing decide if theyRead MoreEuthanasia/Physician Assisted Suicide Should Not be Legalized1343 Words   |  6 Pagesforget how euthanasia murdered that beloved man, my grandfather. Euthana sia/Physician assisted suicide should not be legalized in the United States. The definition of murder is â€Å"killing intentionally and with premeditation†, how is euthanasia any different? (Miller) Not only is it morally wrong, but logically and ethically as well. Human life is not anyone’s to take and destroying it is devaluing a gift given to us. â€Å"Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death among Americans† and making it lawful would

Applied Behavioral Analysis Essay - 1447 Words

Every single day is a struggle for an autistic child and his or her family. Autism affects all aspects of a child’s life from their ability to show affection to their family to being able to do simple tasks such as communicating and thinking in ways that we take for granted. Autism is defined as a developmental disability in which children experience abnormalities in social functioning, language, often act in puzzling ways, and usually appears before the age of three (Mash Wolfe, 2010). Although the exact causes of autism are unknown there does seem to be a strong genetic component. Having a child or family member with autism is a constant battle of emotion and frustration. Everyone wants to help the people they love when they have†¦show more content†¦Since Skinner’s time there has been much research done and many new techniques made in ABA especially in regards of teaching people how to increase behaviors associated with learning and decreasing those that ma y inhibit learning. These new techniques have been used to help successfully treat or improve the lives of several people with various degrees and types of disabilities and learning disorders. These techniques have been adapted from being used exclusively on adults and modified for children. These techniques can be formally initiated, meaning that they are done in a classroom or a behavioral analysts’ office, or they can be taught to parents or caretakers and are often used to develop skills such as learning theory of mind, eye contact, social skills, and other necessary skills (Renna, 2004). Children with autism have difficulties understanding social models and so many of them have difficulties acquiring social skills while children with health development normally gain social and appropriate behavior by observing a model (Mash Wolfe, 2010). If a child with autism is able to acquire social and adaptive skills they still need to learn how to generalize correct behaviors to different situations and tend to need consistent practice in maintaining those skills. To an autistic child generalization can be extremely difficult to break down and understand. Because of this ABA isShow MoreRelatedApplied Behavioral Analysis Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 6 – Case Study Applied Behavioral Analysis II – PS365-01 Kaplan University August 13, 2012 Behavior modification is field within psychology that specializes in identifying relationships between a specific behavior and environmental events as well as creating and instituting procedures that help individuals to change a particular behavior. When behavior analysts conduct research they use research designs that help them to identify whether a change in the targeted behavior or dependentRead MoreHow Shaping Is An Applied Behavioral Analysis Technique1510 Words   |  7 PagesShaping is an applied behavioral analysis technique that can be used to teach new behavior or elicit a desired target behavioral response in both human and nonhuman animals. Defined as a systematic process of reinforcing successive approximations to a target behavior, shaping is especially useful for behaviors that are difficult to learn by instruction, imitation, and verbal or physical cues (Alberto and Troutman, 2013, p. 294). The general rules of shaping dictate that behavior must occur priorRead M oreApplied Behavioral Analysis and Case Studies Bobby, Jackie, and Emma1712 Words   |  7 Pages Applied Behavioral Analysis and Case Studies Bobby, Jackie, and Emma Joshua Stewart Kaplan University PS360- Unit 4 Assignment Prof. Chrystal Ayala June 15, 2015 â€Æ' Applied Behavioral Analysis and Case Studies Bobby, Jackie, and Emma Applied Behavioral Analysis is a natural science that aims to systematically apply intervention processes using the behavior learning theory in order to remove or change undesirable socially significant behaviors (Cooper, Heron, Heward, 2007). Applied behavioralRead MoreApplied Behavioral Analysis993 Words   |  4 PagesApplied Behavioral Analysis Applied Behavioral Analysis Introduction Behavior Analysis emphasizes on the values and principles that explain the process of learning through the development of human beings. 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The book does exactly that, it breaks down what FBA’s are and how to conduct them inRead MoreDefinition Of Applied Behavior Analysis Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch understanding and treatment of those diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). There are many avenues of treatment for ASD, but one method that has received significant attention is applied behavior analysis (ABA). The goal of this research article is to explore the definition of applied behavior analysis, its development over time, and its application to real life. Some questions that will be explored are when and where did ABA originate, how has it developed over time, and what researchersRead MoreApplied Behavior Analysis ( Aba )1500 Words   |  6 PagesApplied Behavior Analysis Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is one of the most misunderstood methods of reinforcement. ABA also is referred to as ‘behavior modification’, which is the main contributor of the negative connotation with this method. ABA is the application of behavioral learning principles to change behavior (Woolfolk 256). Applied Behavior Analysis can be very successful in the classroom if done correctly. However, to begin this, one must study a student to decide what reinforcers will

Human Rights free essay sample

On June 11, 1776 Thomas Jefferson was in charge of a committee of five brilliant men who introduced the Declaration of Independence to the world. This was a very important message to all people because it was document trying to abolish slavery and the wrong doings of society. Also the Declaration of Independence was given to the Second Continental Congress to approve the work that had been done to support changes that occurred mostly in the Southern States. But Jefferson was highly upset because they made changes to the document without consulting him. No matter if a person is a different race, religion, or have a different political view they still should be treated equal as anyone else. Living in today’s society there is a variety of discrimination that goes on with people or things that we feel are different. We are so judgmental on things or situations that we are not use to, or more like the variety of changes within other cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I think that every citizen in the world should be able to vote, have an education, also should be able to choose their own occupation, and also should have the rights to freedom of speech, and religion. Being able to vote changes the choices of many people opportunities in life. It also allows people to express their feelings about the way things are being done in the world. It is very important for everyone to have a basic education. Having a good education takes you a long ways in life; it also opens doors for people to have successful lives. Also having a good occupation determines how you function or maintain in life. But most importantly it helps prepare you for growth in the future. I personally feel that freedom of speech, religion is the two most important human rights that we have because it defines a variety of options in life. Having the right to freedom of speech gives many people confidence with themselves to say what they feel is true. Also having the freedom of religion gives many people the opportunity to value and practice their beliefs and customs. I t also gives them much hope and joy to practice their traditions of religion. The reasons why I have chosen these topics to be the most human rights are because they are issues that concern many people. I truly think that everyone should be able to participate in anything that makes them proud. Being human comes with many instructions but it is up to us to set standards for ourselves, also to believe in what we think is right. Also having rights to live by gives us discipline and guidance towards what we want to approve or accomplish. In conclusion, to everything that I mentioned in the passage having rights is a very serious and important privilege to have. Being able to have rights is a challenge for some people because they use there power in ways that they should not. But I think that everyone should try to come with a solution to enforce the rights and guidelines so that we can have a dedicated and leading world to live in just by the changes that they make themselves. In order to make these rights impact on other people lives we the people have to come together to make a difference within the world. Human Rights free essay sample This paper is an analysis of human rights violations. This paper is an analysis of human rights violations. The author gives some examples of how and why human rights violations tend to occur and examines how it effects society. To understand the conditions in which a human rights violation would not occur we must first address what a human rights violation is and its function in societies. In class we discussed the idea of first, second, and third generation rights. The first generation rights encompass political and civil rights. Economic and social rights are explained in the second-generation rights. Development and self-determination are covered in the third generation of rights. All three generations outline a humans inherently given rights according to where they are born and the culture that they stem. These rights are supposed to be guaranteed by the governments in which they live under. However, there are times in history when those rights have been purposefully violated in order to benefit another group of the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When this happens it is said that a human rights violation has occurred. In short, one groups rights being sacrificed for another groups rights.

Music Appreciation Final Essay Example

Music Appreciation Final Paper Romanticism, as a stylistic period in western music, encompassed the years 1820-1900 Drawing creative inspiration from cultures of lands foreign to the composer is known as exoticism Program music is instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene Which of the following statements is NOT true Fascination with the melodies, rhythms, and colorful materials from distant lands is a romantic trend known as musical nationalism The deliberate intent to draw creative inspiration from the composers own homeland is known as nationalism An orchestra toward the end of the romantic period might include close to ______ musicians 100 The 1844 Treatise on Modern Instrumentation and Orchestration that signaled the recognition of orchestration as an art in itself was written by Hector Berlioz A slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo in music is known as rubato Altering the character of a melody by changes in dynamics, orchestration, or rhythm is a romantic technique known as thematic transformation Because of the French Revolution and the __________, many aristocrats could no longer afford to maintain private opera houses, orchestras, and composers in residence Napoleonic Wars The composer whose career was a model for many romantic composers was Ludwig van Beethoven A romantic composer who made his living as a touring virtuoso was Franz Liszt The rise of the urban middle class led to th piano becoming a fixture in every middle-class home formation of many orchestras and opera groups development of regular subscription concerts When music conservatories were founded, women were at first accepted only as students of performance, but by the late 1800s could study musical composition A very important musical part of every middle-class home during the romantic period was the piano Music criticism was a source of income for both Hector Berlioz and Robert Schumann An art song is a musical composition for solo voice and piano The word ________ is commonly used for a romantic art song with a German text. lied The German composers of art songs favored, among others, the lyric poetry of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Heinrich Heine The mood of an art song is often set by a brief piano introduction and summed up at the end by a piano section called a postlude When the same music is repeated for two or more stanzas of a poem, leading to new music for other stanzas, the form is known as modified strophic Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene, popular during the romantic period is called program music Non program music is also known as _________ music. absolute A _________ is an instrumental composition in several movements based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea program symphony A __________ is a one-movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. symphonic poem Todays movie scores may be regarded as examples of incidental music The citizens sense of national identity and patriotic feelings were intensified by romanticism, which glorified love for ones national heritage common bonds of language, culture, and history military resistance to Napoleon The strongest impact of musical nationalism was felt in Russia. the Scandinavian countries. Poland and Bohemia. Who laid the groundwork for a nationalistic style in Russian music? Mikhail Glinka In music, the early twentieth century was a time of revolt and change The most famous riot in music history occurred in Paris in 1913 at the first performance of Igor Stravinskys The Rite of Spring Composers in the twentieth century drew inspiration from folk and popular music from all cultures. the music of Asia and Africa. European art music from the Middle Ages through the nineteenth century In twentieth-century music string players are sometimes called upon to use the wood instead of the hair on their bows. percussion instruments have become very prominent and numerous. dissonance has been emancipated. Among the unusual playing techniques that are widely used in the twentieth century is the _______, a rapid slide up or down the scale. glissando A piano is often used in twentieth-century orchestral music to add a percussive edge. Which of the following is NOT an alternative to the traditional organization of pitch used by twentieth-century composers? Tonic-dominant harmonies A chord made of tones only a half step or whole step apart is known as a tone cluster The first significant atonal pieces were composed around 1908 by Arnold Schoenberg Ostinato refers to a motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section. Radio broadcasts of live recorded music began to reach large audiences during the 1920s The first opera created for television was Gian-Carlo Menottis Amahl and the Night Visitors When did the first pairing of music and film take place? 1895 Impressionist painting and symbolist poetry as artistic movements originated in France The most important impressionist composer was Claude Debussy The term impressionist derived from a critics derogatory reaction to Impression: Sunrise, a painting by Claude Monet When viewed closely, impressionist paintings are made up of tiny colored patches Many of Debussys songs are set to poems by the symbolist poet Paul Verlaine The neoclassical movement in music roughly encompassed the years 1920-1950 Neoclassical compositions are characterized by forms and stylistic features of earlier periods Neoclassical composers modeled many of the works after the compositions of Johann Sebastian Bach The expressionist movement in music and art flourished in the years 1905-1925 Expressionism grew out of the same intellectual climate as Freuds studies of hysteria and the unconscious Richard Strauss operas Salome and Elektra were known for their chromatic and dissonant music Expressionism is an art concerned with social protest Expressionist composers avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions Since World War II, musical styles have taken many new directions and changes All of the following are major developments in music since 1950 except the continued composition of symphonies in the classical style Minimalism as an artistic movement was a reaction against the complexity of serialism and the randomness of chance music. Many composers since the mid-1960s have made extensive use of quotations from earlier music as an attempt to improve communication between the composer and the listener Since 1950 many composers have returned to tonal music In electronic music, there is no need fo performers Intervals smaller than the half step are called microtones Composers who have returned to the use of tonality have been called new Romantics Minimalist music is characterized by a steady pulse, clear tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns An example of aleatoric music is John Cages Imaginary Landscape No. 4 for twelve radios Around 1940, John Cage invented the prepared piano, a(n) grand piano whose sound is altered by objects such as bolts, screws, rubber bands, pieces of felt, paper, and plastic inserted between the strings of some of the keys. John Adams Short Ride in a Fast Machine is scored for a large symphonic orchestra and two synthesizers

Equality Between Men and Women essays

Equality Between Men and Women essays Introduction Men have always been considered stronger then female, since the beginning of time, women have always been suppressed and have been considered to be the weaker and sublime sex as compared to men. In the early 19th century after the freedom struggles and feminine rallies, women voices were finally heard and women were given the due rights and respect which they have always deserved. Women are now free to vote, work, speak; movement and all the basic fundamental desires are free and available to every woman of the world. Women are now free to go to work, attain education in whatever field they desire and above all women are now provided equal opportunities and privileges, which were once only available to the men. Women in education The differences between boys' and girls' schooling are greatest seen in the regions with the lowest primary school completion rates and lowest average incomes. In Sub-Saharan Africa the ratio of girls' to boys' enrollments in primary and secondary school has hardly changed since 1990, and in 1999 it stood at 82 percent. In South Asia progress has been greater, but girls' enrollments reached only 81 percent of boys' in 1999 as compared to the 92% enrolment of boys. The number of literate women aged 15-24 years in the world went up from 390 million in 1990 to 432 million in 2000. This represents a global increase in the female literacy rate of approximately 3 percentage points from 80 to 83 per cent. At current rates, however, the target of eliminating gender inequality in education by 2015 will not be met, with the literacy rate for women 15-24 projected to be 88 per cent, versus a projected rate of 92 for young men. Various surveys have been conducted by various organizations to find out the percentage of women who ...

Brand building for facilitating the launch of Dogerita mineral water Essay

Brand building for facilitating the launch of Dogerita mineral water - Essay Example People are bombarded with advertisements and a wide variety of brands to choose from. As competition is fierce in an age where there is plenty to choose from, companies need to find ways to create a niche and to improve its brand in the market. It is no longer sufficient to just provide a product. The German Share Company must find ways to stand above the rest in a global business environment that fights for the consumers' money and loyalty. In order to do this, it must develop a brand and a brand strategy. a brand is also considered to be a trademark or a product line. It is a distinctive name which addresses, or identifies, a product, service, or a manufacturer. People purchase a certain brand in order to acquire a distinctive category and to show ownership of the brand that they favour. The name of the organization can also serve as a brand. As stated earlier, the value of a certain brand is determined by how it is perceived by the target audience and the marketplace. After defining the brand, the company must develop a strategy of branding, or a brand strategy. This process consists of coming up with a foundation (a basis) in which to work from. It is a guideline and a system of measuring all marketing strategies and resources/materials. It is a way to deliver the brand strategy, or promise to the target audience.